The Social Determinants Of Health - 1194 Words

Norma James is a 65 years old widow who lives alone. Mrs. James has a medical history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension and has also been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Mrs. James has been a smoker since her 20s and smokes about a  ½ pack of cigarettes per day. She has two adult sons who lives far and has minimum contact with them. She does not work and has a very limited savings. She relies on Old Age Security Benefits for income. She has been living in the same neighbourhood for years but has only few individuals who she considers friends. She prefers to spend her time alone at home watching television, reading or watching over her six cats. Social Determinants of Health are conditions such as living conditions or environments one has experienced while living their life and how that affects one’s health (Mikkonen, J., Raphael, D., 2010). In this case study of Norma James presented above, the three Social Determinants of Health (DOH) relevant to this case study are Income and Income Distribution, Health Services and Social Safety Net. The following of the paper will discuss the three DOH’s relevant to Mrs. James and how they are affecting her. The first DOH that is relevant to the case study of Mrs. James is Income and Income Distribution. Out of the fifteen DOH’s Income and Income Distribution is considered the most important (Kozier et al, 2014). With a low or high income, one’s ability to purchase food, shelter, and other essential health requirementsShow MoreRelatedThe Social Determinants Of Health1623 Words   |  7 PagesStress has been identified as one of the social determinants of health. It has different meanings in various contexts, so a proper definition will give a good insight of the term.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stress can be defined as a state of emotional or mental disturbance resulting from adverse or demanding conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stress can also be defined as a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental disturbance and could be a causal in disease formation. StressesRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe first time. The social determinants of health most likely had an impact on the life expectancy of the vulnerable populations (Gupta, 2004). Applying the primary health care principles such as equity, cultural competence, community participation and maximum self-reliance, health promotion and disease prevention, access to health services and resource, use of acceptable technology and involvement of government departments to Mrs Azizi’s care will reduce the prevalence of health inequities amongstRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1377 Words   |  6 Pages A group of fellow students and my self conducted a public health walk in the area of hackney borough. Our aim was to observe the community and how their surroundings affected their health. On 4th November 2014, we met at 10am and started our walk at St. Johns church. Prior to this day we met up to plan on our walk and how we will conduct it. While on our walk we observed how diverse and cultural the area was, we observed the people socialising in the street, the services available for these peopleRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1306 Words   |  6 PagesConditions of birth and people’s growth, lifestyles, occupations and age strongly influence their health. This essay focuses on children between the ages of zero to 19 and examines what the social determinants of health are. Firstly, it attempts to analyse poverty, family violence, addiction and the impacts on the health of younger New Zealanders who are exposed to those determinants. Secondly, strategies, initiative s and prevention services are identified at national, regional and local levels toRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health And Health898 Words   |  4 PagesMental health outcomes vary differently by socioeconomic location for women and men. It is important to critically analyze the various social locations that low-income women living with mental health concerns are currently occupying. These women are occupying these social locations because of the structural inequities that they encounter in relation to their experiences with the social determinants of health. Explanatory frameworks are used to illustrate the relationship between the social determinantsRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1170 Words   |  5 PagesSocial determinants of health are social, economic and physical factors that affect the health of individuals in any given population. There are fourteen social determinants of health but Income is perhaps the most important of these because it shapes l iving conditions, influences health related behaviors, and determines food security. In Canada, people with lower incomes are more susceptible to disease/ conditions, higher mortality rate, decreased life expectancy and poorer perceived health thanRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1458 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the social determinants of health; the central claim arising from this research is that â€Å"various social factors have a strong influence on population health and on inequalities in health outcomes across social groups†. (Preda Voigt, 2015) Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks. Conditions such as social, economicRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1555 Words   |  7 Pages After so, this contact decimated every aspect of the Indigenous way of life. The health and well-being of Indigenous people initiated to worsen severely not only in the physical aspect but also mental. According to National Household Survey conducted in 2011, 1,400,685 people have been identified as being a member of one of the Aboriginal groups within Canada. Within these Aboriginal groups, critical mental health issues such as major depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse disorderRead MoreSocial determinants of health1076 Words   |  5 PagesHealth starts in our homes, workplaces, schools and communities. Most of us may think that the state of health is determined by our own behaviors and we are taking the initiatives in taking care of ourselves. By having a balanced diet, getting enough rest, exercising, not taking alcohols and smoking, receiving recommendation of preventive vaccine injection and screening tests, and seeing a doctor when we are sick, these behaviors all have great impact on our health. However, social determinants whichRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health873 Words   |  4 Pages Better research on immigrant health and health outcomes would go a long way to shining a light on how to tackle these problems. The current debate in the research concentrates on social determinants of health such as acculturation, which of course influences a lot of other health and healthcare decisions made by immigrants. However, only focusing on social determinants of health undermines the importance of other factors that also heavily affect immigrant health in the United States. Specifically

Evolution Is It Really A Theory - 834 Words

Evolution, is it really a theory? I’ll let you decide. My job is to give you some evidence on evolution. A few nice examples of proof of evolution are, DNA Sequences, Anatomical structures, embryological developement, analogous structures, and fossil records. What is Evolution? Evolution is â€Å"the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.† (oxforddictionaries) The evolutional theory has many sources of proof. Starting with DNA Sequences. How scientists can infer that animal are have a common ancestor by DNA sequences. In DNA sequences scientists look at the patterns and common genes that appear in animals that they have in common to see if far down the road they had a common ancestor. A common ancestor can also lead to something like a Homologous structure. A homologous structure is a structure that animals have in common. For an example, humans, bats, rabbits, frogs, penguins, they have a similar arm bone structure.(evolution.berkeley) Homologous structures could be evidence of common ancestry, and common DNA Sequences for skeletal structure. Animals that have a common DNA sequences could end up with the same bones but built slightly different. If you already have DNA and it causes no problems what would be the point of completely rewriting the DNA code when you already have a working code?(icr) A very big evidential proof of genetic variation, or evolution, is embryoShow MoreRelatedContradiction Between the Theory of Evolution and the Bible947 Words   |  4 Pageswho founded the theory of evolution and changed the way we think about the natural world. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 and lived during the Industrial Revolution. As a child, Darwin initially planned to become a doctor, but his plan terminated when he joined the five year expedition on the survey ship, the HMS Beagle, in 1831. In the expedition, Darwin developed a theory and published a book call The Origin of Species. This book was the beginning of what we know about evolution, and it was controversialRead MoreToday’S Lesson Will Be.... . The Class Takes Their Seats,1522 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin speaking, his shoulders blocking the explanation he has written. The classroom has been a place for creationists and evolutionist to bloody their double edged swords of theory and conviction for years. With both sides climbing atop the graves of scientists that have researched under the banner of either creation, or evolution. The discussion can be a rigid one. Each fight for the throne; firing facts, statistics, opinions, and observations across enemy lines. Before we step into the classroom,Read MoreDoes the Theory of Evolution Contradict Creation?1326 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Darwin and christianity These days , a number of the view that the theory of evolution as formulated by Charles Darwin is not against religion . There also was not convinced that the theory of evolution but still also contribute in teaching and redistribute it . This would not have happened if they really understand the theory. This is due to the inability to understand the dogma of Darwinism , including the views of the most dangerous of these theories are indoctrinated to the societyRead MorePBS Special: The Great Works of Charles Darwin821 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral people came together to marvel in the great works of Charles Darwin and the scientific advancements that have really put his theory to the test. Many things have come about since Darwin proposed his ideas that both challenged and strengthened his ideas. Things like DNA and scientific technologies. Even though Darwin got the ball rolling for the theory of evolution he really did not fully grasp everything. He didn’t know exactly ho w it all worked mechanically. He was very good with his observationsRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution1348 Words   |  6 PagesCreation vs. Evolution Ever since the publication of Charles Darwins The Origin of Species was published there has been an ongoing debate between science and religion. Scientists have formulated many theories as to the origins of man and to the creation of the earth, whereas religious groups have one main creation theory, based on the Genesis story of The Bible. These theories, however, are not the cause of the debate because the different theories are simply myths meantRead More Gradualism Versus Punctuationism Essay831 Words   |  4 Pagesdivided on the issues surrounding evolutionary theory, a close look at the evidence suggests that both the gradualist school of thought and the punctuationist school of thought share many characteristics in common. This is especially true when evaluating their beliefs about the fossil record, disagreement with the theory of saltation, and the misinterpretation of the word â€Å"rapid† in terms of punctuationist theory. Although this may be the case, the two theories do diverge on one important point, the notionRead MoreThe Church Of Liberalism By Ann Coulter1729 Words   |  7 Pageshow teachers are the saints for leftists and schools are like churches of socialism. Then Coulter states that educators are indoctrinating students with false beliefs in evolution and turning children away from Christianity. Finally, Coulter attempts to disprove evolution a very s mall amount understanding of what evolution really is. In Godless: The Church of Liberalism, Coulter’s misunderstanding of the words she uses, abundance of logical fallacies, and structural problems lead to a book that doesRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution Of Species1354 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion â€Å"where did we come from?† Darwin became the first scientist to present a supported argument for evolution, with his crowned publication, â€Å"Origins of Species†, describing how all species derived from a common ancestor and have randomly mutated over generations into their current state. Naturally, the church presented the theory of evolution with opposition, still supporting the creationism theory. The turn of the century came with major technological advances in the fields of genetics and biologyRead MoreEssay on Should Intelligent Design be Taught in Public Schools?1665 Words   |  7 Pagesof Species, which would introduce the seminal theory of evol ution to the scientific community. Over 150 years later, the majority of scientists have come to a consensus in agreement with this theory, citing evidence in newer scientific research. In an average high school biology classroom, one may imagine an instructor that has devoted much of his life to science and a predominantly Christian class of about twenty-five students. On the topic of evolution, one of the students might ask, â€Å"Why would GodRead MoreThe Scopes Trial And Creationism1053 Words   |  5 PagesCreationism and Evolution have always been a topic in America since the Scopes Trial. The Scopes Trial took place in 1928 when the Supreme Court was deciding whether schools should teach Evolution or Creationism. The foundation of evolution is based upon the belief that the origin of all ordered complex systems, including living creatures, can be explained by natural laws without the intervention of God. In that trial the Supreme Court came to a conclusion that Evolution wa s banned and that creationism

Marketing Planning, Orientations and Concepts Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Far – reaching changes have been taking place in the Indian economy during the recent past, consequents to the opening up of our economy through globalization and liberalization policies. The flood gates have been through thrown open to allow international competition for manufactured goods and as well as services, making it a question of survival of the fittest in any industry. In the present highly competitive economy, which can be called as Buyer’s market, it is the customer who wields full power. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Planning, Orientations and Concepts or any similar topic only for you Order Now He can make or wreck a company. No wonder that the collective battle cry from sales and marketing people, retailers, wholesalers and advertising wizards alike is now ‘Serve the customer’, or ‘Delight the customer’. The customer who was considered the ’King’ is now treated almost like ‘God’, emulating the highly successful marketing people of Japan. When consumer expectations become higher and higher, superior market driven strategies or customer driven strategies and their execution in the market are important. Companies have to be fully customer oriented to succeed in the present competitive scenario, and should â€Å"Think Customer†, â€Å"Live for Customer†, â€Å"Smell Customer†, and â€Å"Build Customer Relations†. MARKETING â€Å"Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others†. – (PHILIP KOTLER 2007) THE AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing is a performance of Business activities that directs the flow of goods and services from producer to customer or user†. These traditional definitions have undergone some changes and the new version is given as â€Å"Marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of values with others†. Thus marketing is a communication channel through which the industry and consumers are communicated. MARKETING PLAN A marketing plan is a formal statement of a set of business goals, the reason why they are believed attainable, and the plan for reaching goals and the way of reaching to the customer about to their product. Business plans may target changes in perception and branding by the customer, client, tax- payer, or larger community. When managing a business, a business plan, or B-plan, is often confused with the term Marketing Plan. Marketing plans are decision-making tools. There is no fixed content for a marketing plan. Rather the content and format of the marketing plan is determined by the goals and audience. (Deboreh 2010) A marketing plan represents all aspects of business planning process; declaring vision and strategy alongside sub-plans to cover marketing, finance, operations, human resources as well as a legal plan, when required. For example, a business plan for a non-profit might discuss the fit between the business plan and the organization’s mission. Banks are quite concerned about defaults, so a business plan for a bank loan will build a convincing case for the organization’s ability to repay the loan. Venture capitalists are primarily concerned about initial investment, feasibility, and exit valuation. A business plan for a project required equity financing will need to explain why current resources, upcoming growth opportunities, and sustainable competitive advantage will lead to a high exit valuation. Preparing a Marketing plan draws on a wide range of knowledge from many different business disciplines: finance, human resource management, intellectual property management, supply chain management, operations management, and marketing among others. â€Å"A good Marketing plan can help to make a good business credible, understandable, and attractive to someone who is unfamiliar with the business. Writing a good Marketing plan can’t guarantee success, but it can go long way toward reducing the odds of failure†. THE MARKETING ORIENTATIONS OR CONCEPTS The marketing function or activities are conducted by various companies based on six alternative or orientations. They are: The Production Concept The Product Concept The Selling Concept The Marketing Concept The Customer Concept The Societal Marketing Concept The Production Concept The production Concept believes that consumers will favor products that are readily available at reasonable prices. Improvement in production and distribution efficiency will be the focus for managements under this concept. When the demand for a product exceeds the supply, manufacturers have too increase production. When the product’s cost is too high, the management has to bring it down to affordable levels. Production concept, though useful in some situations, could result in ‘Marketing Myopia’, according to Theodore Levitt. Companies following this concept focus too narrowly on their own activities and lose sight of the real objective of customer’s need satisfaction. The Product Concept The product concept believes that the consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance innovative features. Continuous improvements in product and quality are essential for companies that follow the product concept. So, this concept may also lead to Marketing Myopia. The Selling Concept This concept believes that the consumers will not buy enough of the company’s products unless it undertakes pressure selling tactics and heavy promotion efforts. Buyers are believed to have a buying inertia. This concept is especially used for unsought goods which buyers do not think of buying, like cemetery plots, life insurance, etc. The Marketing Concept This concept believes that achieving the company’s objectives depends on understanding the needs wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction in a better way than what the competitors are doing. The Customer Concept Many companies are today moving beyond the marketing concept to the customer concept. These companies shape separate offers, services and messages to individual customers, based on their individual preferences. They hope to achieve profitable growth through capturing a larger share of each customer’s expenditures by building high customer’s loyalty and focusing on customer’s life time value. EXAMPLE: Barbie Dolls, Levi Strauss jeans, Dell Computers. The Societal Marketing Concept This concept believes that organizations should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets. It should then deliver superior value to the customers in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and the society’s well being. Society (Human welfare, environment) Consumers (Needs, wants and Company (Sales volume, profits Satisfaction) and growth) MARKETING PLANNING PROCESS The marketing Planning process consists of the following activities: Analysing market opportunities Selecting target markets Developing the marketing mix Managing the marketing efforts. At the center of the process stand the consumers. The objective is to build a strong and profitable customer relationship. The first step is market segmentation, targeting and positioning, to customers the company should serve and how. This process identifies the total market, and then divides it into smaller segments. The next step is to design a marketing mix consisting of factors under its control like : I. Product II. Place III. Price IV. Promotion For identifying best marketing mix combination and to put into action, the company engages in the activities like: I. Marketing analysis II. Planning III. Implementation IV. Control activities With the help of these, the company watches adopt to the actors and forces in the marketing environment around it. Fig. The Marketing Planning Process 1, 2, 3,4 DENOTES: 1Marketing Intermediaries 3 Market planning 2 Marketing Control 4 Competitors DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING MIX The marketing manager is a mixer of ingredients, according to JAMES CULLITON, a noted Marketing expert, who coined the expression,† Marketing Mix† â€Å"The marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical, marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market† – (PHILIP KOTLER 2007) The marketing mix consists of the variables such as: Product Price Place Promotion These are well known as the Four P’s of Marketing as classified by McCarthy and this figure below gives clear description about the variables of marketing mix and its various tools. Place stands for the goods and services offered by a company to the target market, to satisfy needs and wants. Price refers to money value that the consumers have to pay to buy for the product or services. Promotion refers to the activities of Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and communicating products benefits and attributes to target customers to persuade them to purchase. Place stands for physical distribution activities through which the products moves from the industry to the customers. To be successful, the marketing programmes have to blend the 4 variables into an ideal integrated action plan aimed at achieving the corporate objective. While the 4 P’s concepts relates to the sellers perspective of the market. The other P’s which are included as 7 P’s of marketing are: Packaging Positioning People Packaging is the fifth element of the marketing mix, which refers to the outer physical coverage of the product or the way in which your product is appearing outside. Positioning refers to the present position of our product among the consumers. â€Å"How they think about our companyWhat position does the concern have in the marketWhat is the customer’s perception towards our product in the market?† these questions should be answered in the case of positioning of a product in the market. People refers to both inside and outside people, the former refers to the employees of the industry and the later refers to the customers of our products and services, where they are considered as the important resources of marketing our goods and services. The 7 P’s are a useful framework for deciding how the company’s resources will be manipulated (strategically) to achieve the objectives. However, they are not the only framework, and may divert attention from the real issues. The focus of the strategies must be the objectives to be achieved – not process of planning itself. Only if it fits the needs of these objectives should you choose, as we have done, to use the framework of the 7 P’s. (Jackie 2010) The strategy statement can take the form of a purely verbal description of the strategic options which have been chosen. Thus these are the various tools and variables described under the marketing mix. THE MARKETING AND SALES PLANNING PROCESS Marketing process can be realized by the marketing mix in step 4. The last step in the process is the marketing controlling. In most organizations, â€Å"strategic planning† is an annual process, typically covering just the year ahead. Occasionally, a few organizations may look at a practical plan which stretches three or more years ahead. To be most effective, the plan has to be formalized, usually in written form, as a formal â€Å"marketing plan†. The essence of the process is that it moves from the general to the specific, from the vision to the mission to the goals to the corporate objectives of the organization, then down to the individual action plans for each part of the marketing program. It is also an interactive process, so that the draft output of each stage is cheeked to see what impact it has on the earlier stages, and is amended. TARGET MARKETING To define a target market for your business plan, you should research the potential buying audience for your product. This could range from millions of people if you are starting an online business, to a few thousand individuals if you are opening a retail store in a small town. If you are catering to the consumer market, narrow your potential customer base to a defined demographic group. By doing so, your business will not only be more attractive to investors, but you will have a much easier time compiling sales and marketing plan. Study your product or service and determine the most likely consumer. Define the age range, gender, marital status, and income level of the individual most likely to be your customer. Explain the motivations for purchasing your product or service. Is it a necessity or luxuryWhat value does this product bringIt’s best not to assume or guess. Use surveys, questionnaires, or secondary research to gather your demographic data. Once you have defined the target market: Explain the purchase habits of this demographic group. Show how your company will impact those purchase habits. Explain the motivation behind this demographic group and how you will help them meet their needs. Project future changes in this market. Indicate how you will meet their changing needs. Base your future projections on research and details from your findings. Make projection based on past buying habits, the average purchase amount, and other factors, such as your ability to make the products or services available. The more you know about this target market, the more confidence you will have in your sales projections. The same need to identify your target audience (business-to-consumer market) will also hold true if you are serving a business market (business-to-business market). You need to determine which companies will benefit from your products or services. Will you meet the needs of a specific industry or several industriesLarge or small businessesPublic or privately owned businessesDefine exactly the types of businesses that will buy our product or services and target them through your marketing efforts. Determine how you will reach your target market, i.e. online, by referral, by cold-calling. For more about learning about the customer you intend to pursue, read Use Demographics to Understand Your Target Market. Another way to look at target market is to consider how you are positioning your company and your products. Read â€Å"What’s Your Position in the Market?† to get the basics of this important but tricky concept. MARKETING PLANNING AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Behind the corporate objective, which in themselves offer the main context for the marketing plan, will lay the â€Å"corporate mission†, which in turn provides the context for these corporate objectives. In a sales-oriented organization, the marketing planning function designs incentive pay plans to not only motivate and reward frontline staff fairly but also to align marketing activities with corporate mission. This â€Å"corporate mission† can be thought of as a definition of what the organization is, of what it does: â€Å"our business is †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This definition should not be too narrow, or it will constrict the development of the organization; a too rigorous concentration on the view that â€Å"we are in the business of making meat-scales,† as IBM was during the early 1900s, might have limited its subsequent development into other areas. On the other hand, it should not be too wide or it will become meaningless: â€Å"we want to make a profit† is not too helpful in developing specific plans. Abell suggested that the definition should cover three dimensions: â€Å"customer groups† to be served, â€Å"customer needs† to be served, and â€Å"technologies† to be utilized. Thus, the definition of IBM’s â€Å"corporate mission† in the 1940s might well have been: â€Å"We are in the business of handling accounting information [customer need] for the larger US organizations [customer group] by means of punched cards [technology]†. (Karunakaran 2010) Perhaps the most important factor in successful marketing is the â€Å"corporate vision.† Surprisingly, it is largely neglected by marketing textbooks, although not by the popular exponents of corporate strategy-indeed, it was perhaps the main theme of the book by peters and waterman, in the form of their â€Å"Super ordinate Goals†. â€Å"in search of Excellence† said: â€Å"Nothing drives progress like the imagination. The idea precedes the deed.† if the organization in general, and its chief executive in particular, has a strong vision of where its future lies, then there is an good chance that the organization will achieve a strong position in its markets (and attain that future). This will be not least because its strategies will be consistent and will be supported by its staff at all levels. In this context, all of IBM’s marketing activities were underpinned by its philosophy of â€Å"customer service,† a vision originally promoted by the charismatic Watson dynasty. The emphasis at this stage is on obtaining a complete and accurate picture. A â€Å"traditional† – albeit product-based-format for a â€Å"brand reference book† (or, indeed, a â€Å"marketing facts book†) was suggested by Godley more than three decades ago: Financial data-facts for this section will come from management accounting, costing and finance sections. Product data-form production, research and development. Sales and distribution data-sales, packaging, distribution sections. Advertising, sales promotion, merchandising data-information from these departments. Market data and miscellany-form market research, who would in most cases act as a source for this information. His sources of data, however, assume the resources of a very large organization. In most organizations they would be obtained from a much smaller set of people (and not a few of them would be generated by the marketing manager alone). It is apparent that a marketing audit can be a complex process, but the aim is simple: â€Å"it is only to identify those existing (external and internal) factors which will have a significant impact on the future plans of the company.† It is clear that the basic material to be input to the marketing audit should be comprehensive. Accordingly, the best approach is to accumulate this material continuously, as and when it becomes available; since this avoids the otherwise heavy workload involved in collecting it as part of the regular, typically annual, planning process itself-when time is usually at a premium. Even so, the first task of this annual process should be to check that the material held in the current facts book or facts files actually is comprehensive and accurate, and can form a sound basis for the marketing audit itself. MARKETING PROGRAMS Marketing programs are the most important, practical outcome of the whole planning process. These plans must therefore be: Clear – They should be an unambiguous statement of ‘exactly’ what is to be done. Quantified – The predicted outcome of each activity should be, as far as possible, quantified, so that its performance can be monitored. Focused – The temptation to proliferate activities beyond the numbers which can be realistically controlled should be avoided. The 80:20 Rule applies in this context too. Realistic – They should be achievable. Agreed – Those who are to implement them should be committed to them, and agree that they are achievable. The resulting plans should become a working document which will guide the campaigns taking place throughout the organization over the period of the plan. If the marketing plan is to work, every exception to it (throughout the year) must be questioned; and the lessons learnt, to be incorporated in the next year’s planning. A marketing plan for a small business typically includes Small Business Administration Description of competitors, including the level of demand for the product or service and the strengths and weaknesses of competitors. Description of the product or service, including special features. Marketing budget, including the advertising and promotional plan Description of the business location, including advantages and disadvantages for marketing Pricing strategy Market segmentation Operational plan Operational plans are an important element of writing a business plan and they notify business assessors for how business owners are going to release product/services into the market. That’s why operational plans are also a very important part of writing a marketing plan. In simple words, operational plans help to understand ways for business reviewers, by which products are set to pass the production phase heading toward the targeted customers and these plans must be in the business plan outline. Operational plans are a usual phenomenon in a how to write a business plan, but they outline crucial answers basic questions as such: What are the daily activities of a business What is the raw material sources used How will the company or business use vendors and suppliers What are the labours requirements Who is the product supplier Operational plans need to ascertain the activities and finances for almost every section of the firm or business for the next 1 or 3 years. Operational plans also connect with intended plans and the activities that the business may deliver to its customer base. Good operational plans ought to include: Apparent target areas Preferred results A procedure to supervise growth execution schedules Employment and resource requirements Quality levels Finally, activities which a firm or business may deliver to its targeted customers. REFERENCES: Deboreh (2010) International journal of Market research, â€Å" Agenda Development for marketing research† vol 52, pp 339 – 362. Luan (june 2010) journal of marketing research, â€Å"Forecasting marketing mix responsiveness for new product† vol 47, pp 444 – 457. Karunakaran (2010) â€Å"Marketing Management† The Himalaya publishing house 1st edition pp256 philip kotler (2007) â€Å"Marketing Management† Analysis, planning, implementation and control 9th edition prentice hall, New jersey Baker, M., J.,Hart, S. (2007) the Marketing Book, (5TH edn.), Butterworth- Heinemann,UK. How to cite Marketing Planning, Orientations and Concepts, Essay examples

School Girls Essay Example For Students

School Girls Essay In the book School Girls by Peggy Orenstein, the focus is on young adolescent girls in middle school, and the effects that the Hidden Curriculum and other elements have on their self esteem. Hidden Curriculum teaches girls to value silence and compliance. (pg.35) The hidden curriculum is a theory that boys often get more attention than girls in the classroom, and that even if it is negative attention, the girls learn that they are not as important, and they eventually give up hope, and stop speaking out in class. Educators reward assertiveness and aggression over docility, the very behavior that is prized in girls becomes and obstacle to their success.(p. 36) This means that while girls are acting the way a teacher would like them to, the boys that are more aggressive get the attention, and the girls lose their self-esteem. Charles L. Richman found that high achieving white girls in particular are subject to unrealistic standards of success. When they fall short, they overgeneralized failures with an intense self-punitiveness; by late adolescence, their self-esteem has spiraled downward. (Pg.38)The focus of sexual harassment is a big one as well. Girls are not taught about sex and contraceptives, and therefore know nothing about their sexual selves. We consciously infuse girls with a sense of shame. (p.57) If we do not teach girls about their bodies, and teach them to be assertive, than sexual harassment will occur.As much as girls repress desire, they embrace desirability. (p.62) Bibliography:

As I Lay Dying And Essay Research free essay sample

As I Lay Dying And Essay, Research Paper In William Faulkner s As I Lay Dying, references to the right by legion characters serve to impel the reader on a pursuit for truth. Cora and Tull make allusions to what is right as defined by faith, while Cash evokes a more unconditioned sense of right and incorrect. Anse has a sense of right that is delusory to both himself and others, yet it besides conveys his position of the universe which Faulkner shows to be merely every bit accurate as anyone else s. Faulkner s blending of these versions of right make a incorporate thought of what is right, even if that thought is at one time a confusing and complicated one. Cora and Vernon Tull believe wholly in the absolute power of God and that His will is finally what will be done. Cora is Vernon s beginning of strength and religion, and even when he waivers in what he believes to be right, he finally sides with his married woman. We will write a custom essay sample on As I Lay Dying And Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cora is invariably crying both in address and in vocal that I trust in my God and my wages. ( 70 ) This belief is a great comfort to Cora. Even when she makes bars for a affluent adult female in town and the adult female changes her head, Cora merely thinks Riches is nil in the face of the Lord, for He can see into the bosom. ( 7 ) Cora besides believed it right for people to endure ; seeing it as their person batch ( 159 ) . However, this deep religion is besides blinding to Cora. Cora is blind to the fact that Addie has an apprehension of wickedness and redemption and right beyond the mere words that she uses. Cora mistakes Addie s deficiency of religion for amour propre and pride, and gets down on her articulatio genuss in hopes of delivering her from the clasps of darn ation ( 160 ) . Addie s response to this is that people to whom wickedness is merely a affair of words, to them redemption is merely words excessively. ( 168 ) Vernon Tull at times inquiries whether his married woman is wholly right, but so catches himself and pulls himself back. Cora may hold seen it as people s mortal batch to endure, but Vernon questioned this, particularly in the instance of Vardaman s hurting. Vernon says, It aint right. I be durn if it is. Because He said Suffer small kids to come onto Me dont make it right, neither. ( 70 ) However, Vernon shortly catches himself, repeating his earlier mentions of excessively much believing being damaging to people. He grounds that For the Lord aimed for him to make and non to pass excessively much clip thinking†¦ ( 68 ) Vernon Tull by and large prefers to stay unconcious and insists that the best is non to revenue enhancement one s encephalon as Darl does†¦ ( Rossky 181 ) Ultimately, Vernon doesn T want to believe ex cessively much of what is right or non right, and merely embracings Cora s beliefs. While the Tulls beliefs are grounded in faith, Cash s thought of the right is based more on unconditioned ground. Cash believes right to be taking pride in human creative activities and ever making the best possible occupation ( Bedient 206 ) . Cash reflected on his devising of his female parent s casket on the cant to sum up his belief of right. He believed in doing things ever like it was for your ain usage and comfort # 8230 ; ( 224 ) Beldient writes, Why is this learning right? Because a adult male defines himself, non by what he builds, but by the manner he builds it # 8230 ; ( 107 ) Cash inquiries his thoughts of right when he is forced to weigh the righness of Darl s combustion of the barn.

Free Essays on Cognitive

How do human beings make decisions? What triggers a person to take action at any given point? These are all questions that I will attempt to answer with my theoretical research into Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, as well as many of the other related theories. We often do not realize the psychological events that take place in our everyday lives. It is important to take notice of theories, such as the balance theory, the congruency theory and the cognitive dissonance theory so that one’s self-persuasion occurs knowingly. As psychologist and theorist gain a better understanding of Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory manipulation could occur more easily than it already does in today’s society. Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory is very closely related to many of the consistency theories. The first of the major consistency theories, the balance theory, was proposed by Fritz Heider (1946, 1958) and was later revised by Theodore Newcomb (1953). Heider and Newcomb’s theory was mostly looking at the interaction between two people (interpersonally) and the conflicts that arose between them. When two people have conflicting opinions or tension is felt between another person, it is more likely persuasion will occur. Because if no tension was felt between the two parties, or there were no conflicting opinions there would be no need to persuade each other. If you think about it, persuasion occurs only because there is tension between two facts, ideas or people. Charles Larson writes in his book, Persuasion, Reception and Responsibility, â€Å"another approach to the consistency theory is congruency theory, by Charles Osgood and Percy Tennenbaum (1955)† (p.82). This theory suggests that we want to have balance in our lives and there is a systematic way to nu! merically figure it out. When two attitudes collide, we must strive to strike a balance between the two attitudes. The balance varies depending ... Free Essays on Cognitive Free Essays on Cognitive How do human beings make decisions? What triggers a person to take action at any given point? These are all questions that I will attempt to answer with my theoretical research into Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance, as well as many of the other related theories. We often do not realize the psychological events that take place in our everyday lives. It is important to take notice of theories, such as the balance theory, the congruency theory and the cognitive dissonance theory so that one’s self-persuasion occurs knowingly. As psychologist and theorist gain a better understanding of Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory manipulation could occur more easily than it already does in today’s society. Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory is very closely related to many of the consistency theories. The first of the major consistency theories, the balance theory, was proposed by Fritz Heider (1946, 1958) and was later revised by Theodore Newcomb (1953). Heider and Newcomb’s theory was mostly looking at the interaction between two people (interpersonally) and the conflicts that arose between them. When two people have conflicting opinions or tension is felt between another person, it is more likely persuasion will occur. Because if no tension was felt between the two parties, or there were no conflicting opinions there would be no need to persuade each other. If you think about it, persuasion occurs only because there is tension between two facts, ideas or people. Charles Larson writes in his book, Persuasion, Reception and Responsibility, â€Å"another approach to the consistency theory is congruency theory, by Charles Osgood and Percy Tennenbaum (1955)† (p.82). This theory suggests that we want to have balance in our lives and there is a systematic way to nu! merically figure it out. When two attitudes collide, we must strive to strike a balance between the two attitudes. The balance varies depending ...

DETERMINATION OF THE GLYCAEMIC INDEX OF NOVEL FOODS Essay

DETERMINATION OF THE GLYCAEMIC INDEX OF NOVEL FOODS - Essay Example In the long term, this speeds up the development of the disease (Giugliano, Ceriello and Esposito 2008, n.p.). The condition of postprandial glycemia also results in the cells developing a resistance to the insulin. The strong evidence that links vascular complications to postprandial glycemic levels on the upper side also necessitates the control. GI ratings rank foods as being high, medium, low or very low GI foods (Foster-Powell, Holt and Brand-Miller 2002, p. 10). This system involves providing an estimate of the sugar that will be available for absorption once the food is consumed. Assigning a GI to a food will enable control of postprandial glycemia that aides to avoid complications associated with different glycemic levels. Low GI diets result in low postprandial glycemia. Increased postprandial glycemic levels are associated with increased insulin resistance and reduced release (Shobana et al. 2012, p. 179). The high GI diet will also result in lower HDL cholesterol and increased LDL cholesterol. As such, it is necessary for diabetics to have low GI diet that facilitate lower postprandial glycemia that will improve insulin production and reduce its resistance. The result will manifest in the loss of weight as well as its maintenance that will improve insulin sensitivity, all of which are necessary for the care of diabetes (Marsh et al. 2011, p. 126). The diet will also result in the development of good lipid profiles that will prevent cardiovascular diseases associated with diabetics. Novel foods have sugar and fatty acid contents that differ from traditionally grown foods. For example, in the western diet, in the last century, there has been the introduction of novel foods that contain a higher sugar to fiber ratio, which has meant that they have a higher GI than their traditional counterparts (Cordain et al. 2005, n.p.). This means consumption of the former with the thought that they are similar to the latter may be potentially

Consumer Segmentation Process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Segmentation Process - Case Study Example It has changed the nature of health care. The marketing technique used by this brand can be called as customized branding. It is a process to accommodate the brand according to the needs of to specific individuals for particular purposes. The market Segmentation plays important role during this process. For instance in the case of NHF 'Tick' products it helps to understand and identify a particular group of customers for defining the needs of customers and also for evolving guidelines to find the required product. The segmentation process also used instrumentally for developing and communicating the customized brand proposal. Market segmentation is the method of separating the market segments into specific categories. Different groups of consumers need different types of products. They should be accessed by using specific strategies. By using target marketing method developing sales and evolving marketing strategies. Product positioning is used by companies to offer specific products to specific group of people. Purpose of market segmentation can be achieved with the help of various methodologies. The main segmentation variables for consumer markets depend upon geography, demography, psychology and behavior of consumers. These variables are used in conjunction with market requirements. Marketing experts think that they are in a better position to know market segments where requirements of consumers are not fully met. Managers should use different segmentation variables in association to target markets precisely. Geographic Variable The geographical association of consumers plays an important role in market segmentation process. Research reports show that preferences of vary from village dwellers to city inhabitants. There is quite noticeable difference in the purchasing power of these categories of the consumers. Moreover these preference vary from developing regions to developed regions. As far as Australia is concerned the consumer preferences are quite different in city centers as compared to rural consumers. It would be interesting to know that major city dwellers are more prone to heart diseases because of their busy lives and also because of fast food culture. Whereas in rural areas, people are involved in physical activities on greater scale. So there is less chance of heart diseases. Consequently they would pay less attention to NHF recommended products. So it can be concluded that companies would have to target specific regions. (Michman, 1991, p. 27) Demographic Variable Analyses of polls and survey results show that age play an important role in market segmentation process with special reference to NHF recommended products. Heart diseases and other similar symptoms are likely to develop in people of high age group. So it would be appropriate to target the groups of older age people who may feel interest in 'Tick' products. The age factor is also associated with geographic variables as well. Companies can target those thickly populated areas where aged people are dwelling higher proportion who are more prone to heart and high cholesterol related diseases. Consumers can be further

Fruit content of fruit juice and apple juice content of cider using Literature review

Fruit content of fruit juice and apple juice content of cider using DNA methodology - Literature review Example For instance, orange (Citrus sinensis) juice is more in demand and thus have a higher value than mandarin (C. reticulata) juice though both belong to the Citrus species. Fruit varieties are qualitatively graded using characters such as composition and quality of syrup and this too makes a vast difference in prices. Therefore, especially in mass-scale fruit juice production, the producers may be tempted to adulterate highly-priced products with a less expensive alternative to increase the product volume and thereby gain better profits. Such adulteration may be in the form of diluting with water, sugars, high fructose corn syrup, spent process water and addition of juices from less expensive fruit varieties (as with orange juice dilution with mandarin). Authentication is an important issue in food industry and it is essential to provide the consumer with correct information about the contents of a product. Food labeling and traceability are regulated by EU directive 2000/13/EC and its amendments and by EU regulative 178/2002 respectively (Commission Regulation (EC) No 13/2000 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 178/2002). ... antitatively as well as qualitatively and determine the actual ingredients in a product to protect high quality of food products and thereby certify consumer rights. 2. Detection methods used in fruit juice industry In fruit juice industry, many technologies have being used to detect composition of a product. In the past, Analysis of total nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) was practiced to assess fruit content of (eg. orange) juice but, this method could be applied only when levels of these components are well documented. Hence it was apparent that other methods were in need and hence minerals, organic acids (citric acid, malic acid), amino acids and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were analyzed. During past years, assessment of food products has been conducted using spectroscopy (UV, NIR, MIR), isotopic analysis, methods based on chromatography (High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC, TLC, GC MC and LC MS), electronic nose, immunological methods such as ELIZA and thermal analysis (Reid, O’Donnell and Downey, 2006). Paper chromatography and HPLC has been used in detecting sugars and acids, Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and electrophoresis for amino acids and chemical analysis for acidity are some examples for these applications. Lately, as reported by Li, Goovaerts and Meurens (1996), Near- infrared spectroscopy (near-IR) was used to detect sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and acids (citric and malic acids) in orange juice. Each of these methods has their own advantages as well as limitations and thus, more refine and more sensitive technologies were in constant demand. Anthocyanin pigment analysis with HPLC and electrospray mass spectroscopy (ESMS), stable isotopic carbon analyses, NMR spectroscopy and analysis of trace

Treatments for Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer

Treatments for Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer Rae Broz Oestrogen inhibiting Tamoxifen Citrate; an Antineoplastic Agent used to Treat Hormone Sensitive Breast Cancer The Hormone Oestrogen (E) fuels female breast growth production at puberty. Within the breast of mature women, there are milk ducts called lobes which branch out to form lobules or acinus. Together, these are called the terminal lobular unit (TDLU) (Bullock, 2013, pp. 917-918). Due to the various hormonal cycles that happen during a woman’s lifetime including, but not limited to child birth, Oestrogen and Progesterone levels are continuously fluctuating causing constant remodelling of the breast tissue. For example, menstruation causes the breast tissue to become increasingly vascular and encourages acinar tissue and ductal growth. Ancinar tissue converts to secretory glands through the release of progesterone at the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle. At this stage the terminal ducts are also dilated. (Craft. J, 2011, p. 951) Mitotic stem cell division is increased within the TDLU during these stages leading to the development and renewal of the epithelial lining, increasing the chance of cell mutations in the TDLU an area where the majority of breast cancer (BC) occur (Craft. J, 2011, p. 983). Studies show a positive sign of hormone sensitive BC is the increased amount of Oestrogen receptors (ERÃŽ ±). The more ErÃŽ ±s in the affected cells, the greater affinity with E, therefore cell reproduction rises, leading to faster BC cell replication (Patani, 2014). A benign tumor within the breast will remain localized and closely resembles normal epithelium cells within the tissue. Growth is at a slow rate within the TDLU, unlike a malignant (cancerous) tumor. The malignant tumor grows rapidly differentiating from the normal epithelial cell. It invades other tissue space and nearby blood and lymph vessels explaining why BCs easily spread into the lymphatic system and other areas of the reproductive system. Risk factors affecting hormone sensitive breast cancer development in women are Post-menopausal obesity and the woman’s age at the birth of her first child, as connections between older mothers and obese post-menopausal women to ERÃŽ ± positive BC have been discovered (Yager Davidson, 2006). Tamoxifen Citrate (Trans-1-[4- (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) phenyl] 1, 2 -diphenyl-1 –butene) is a non-steroidal drug and an antineoplastic agent called a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (Marrero-Alonso et al., 2013). It is recommended as part of the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer due to its affinity with ERÃŽ ± acting as an antagonist to E, slowing cell division within the breast consequently stopping the progression of the BC (Bryant, 2011, p. 822). Tamoxifen is given orally, absorbed in the gastro intestinal tract and metabolized in the liver by the enzymes CYP-450, 2D6 and 2C9. (Mandlekar, 2000 #20) Metabolites, produced are the ERÃŽ ± receptor binding 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) and N-desmethyltamoxifen (DMT). Both have anti Oestrogen affects very close to their parent drug and cause apoptosis of BC cells. After dosing, various serum levels of Tamoxifen and metabolites were found within the lungs, liver ovaries and the endometrium and corpes luteum of the uterus, also in metastases within the brain and pancreas (Health Communication, 2004). Levels peak in about 3-6hours post a 10mg dose and reach a steady state around 4 weeks of therapy. They bind to albumin and are excreted mainly in the faeces so have a long half-life 5-7 days for Tamoxifen and 10-14 days for DMT (Health Communication, 2004). Due to the metabolism of Tamoxifen and its metabolites, there is a risk of serum accumulation in prolonged treatment and or patients with poor hepatic function dosing regimens major need intermittent adjustment according to serum level findings. (Health Communication, 2004). Phenytoin lowers Tamoxifen metabolism and should therefore not be used concurrently with Tamoxifen for extended periods of time unless a therapeutic drug (Endoxifen) monitoring strategy is utilized as Tamoxifen will lose effectiveness. (Gryn, Teft, Kim, 2014). It has been found that Tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women is beneficial in reducing calcium loss by reducing apoptosis of osteoclasts thus sustaining bone density (Nakamura et al., 2007). This unfortunately is not the case in premenopausal women; in these cases osteoporosis is often increased with the use of Tamoxifen, dependent on whether chemotherapy had caused amenorrhea or not (Vehmanen, Elomaa, Blomqvist, Saarto, 2006). Tamoxifen use has been linked to increased episodes of deep vein thrombosis (VTE) in women using the drug in breast cancer prevention treatment (Decensi et al., 2005). Finally patients receiving Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer long term ( > five years) are at greater risk of mortality from endometrial cancer than those who did not receive Tamoxifen (Jones et al., 2012). Word count: 687 Reflection I hope I have created a better assignment this time round. I found the tutorial held on the 29/4/2014 very helpful as was the typed feedback sheet. I printed the latter out and sat it beside me while I typed out my assignment, along with the rubric and learning outcomes from the subject outline, referring to them often. The handwritten feedback was a little harder to decipher but I managed ok. My suggestion would be to type in an alternate colour e.g. Red for the feedback remarks on the actual assignment. I have learnt a lot from this assignment both about the subject and myself. I have incorporated more information into this assignment and have not included any quotes or paraphrasing from any of the texts I have used. The only similarities shown in turnitin were from my previous assignment. I have to say even with the setback I have enjoyed it. Word count: 151 References Bryant, B. a. K., K. (2011). Pharmacology for health professionals. Chatswood, NSW, Australia: Elsevier. Bullock, S. a. H., Majella. (2013). Principles of Pathophysiology. Frechs Forest, NSW, Australia: Pearson. Craft. J, G. C. a. t. A. (2011). Understanding Pathophysiology. Chatswood, NSW, Australia: Elsevier. Decensi, A., Maisonneuve, P., Rotmensz, N., Bettega, D., Costa, A., Sacchini, V., . . . Veronesi, U. (2005). Effect of tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial. Circulation, 111(5), 650-656. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000154545.84124.ac Gryn, S. E., Teft, W. A., Kim, R. B. (2014). Profound reduction in the tamoxifen active metabolite endoxifen in a patient on phenytoin for epilepsy compared with a CYP2D6 genotype matched cohort. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, Publish Ahead of Print, 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000051. Health Communication, N. (2004). MIMS Online. from Health Communication Network Jones, M., van Leeuwen, F., Hoogendoorn, W., Mourits, M., Hollema, H., van Boven, H., . . . Swerdlow, A. (2012). Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: Pooled results from three countries. Breast Cancer Research, 14(3), R91. Marrero-Alonso, J., Morales, A., Garcà ­a Marrero, B., Boto, A., Marà ­n, R., Cury, D., . . . Dà ­az, M. (2013). Unique SERM-like properties of the novel fluorescent tamoxifen derivative FLTX1. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 85(3, Part B), 898-910. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.024 Nakamura, T., Imai, Y., Matsumoto, T., Sato, S., Takeuchi, K., Igarashi, K., . . . Kato, S. (2007). Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell, 130(5), 811-823. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.025 Patani, N. a. M. L. A. (2014). Understanding response and resistance to oestrogen deprivation. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 382(1), 683-894. Vehmanen, L., Elomaa, I., Blomqvist, C., Saarto, T. (2006). Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite effects on bone mineral density in premenopausal patients depending on menstrual status. J Clin Oncol, 24(4), 675-680. doi: 10.1200/jco.2005.02.3515 Yager, J. D., Davidson, N. E. (2006). Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(3), 270-282. doi: doi:10.1056/NEJMra050776

Seamus Heaney :: Writers Poets Poetry Essays

Seamus Heaney Seamus Heaney was born in April 1939 in Northern Ireland. His father owned and worked fifty acres of farmland in County Derry in N.I. Patrick Heaney had always been committed to cattle-dealing. Seamus’ parents died quite early in his life and so his uncle had to take care of him from then on. Heaney grew up as a country boy and attended the local primary school. When he was twelve he won a scholarship to St. Columb’s College, a catholic boarding school situated in the city of Derry. Heaney moved to Belfast later in his life where he lived for fifteen years and then moved to the republic. Since 1982 he made annual visits to America to teach and since then he started writing his poems. Heaney’s first poem was called ‘Digging’. The aims of this essay are to compare two of Seamus Heaneys’s poems which deal with the theme of childhood. The two poems are called ‘The Early Purges’ and ‘Mid-Term Break’. The relevance of the title ‘The Early Purges’ is that it informs us about what happens during the poem and it tells us what the subject of the poem is. The poem goes straight into what it is about and it is based the death of animals on a farm and is subjected to two people’s opinions over the killing of the animals. The poem is very ambiguous and ironic with a gory tone to it because of its in depth description of the death. The poem has seven three line stanzas called tercets, and each line holds five to ten words keeping the poem easy to read throughout. Heaney has chosen to use this stanza structure and line length because it builds up tension and keeps you in suspense. It is also easier to digest in small stanzas and I think he has done this for us to get the full effect of the poem. There is a rhyme scheme in the poem but is split into para-rhymes because it gives a flow to the poem and grasps the readers attention all the way through. Seamus Heaney uses lots of imagery in this poem to get the reader to really imagine how the animals were treated on the farm. Heaney mentions a line that Dan Taggart had said on the farm. â€Å"Like wet Gloves† Dan had thought they looked like wet gloves when they were being drowned. Also while Heaney had watched the kittens drown, he said that he had watched them â€Å"Turn mealy and crisp as old summer dung†. As you can see, again how Heaney exaggerates on the killing of

The Corporate Rundown Tesla Motors

Tests gains competitive advantage over auto industry competitors because of their direct-to- nonuser sales, stores and service centers, innovative consumer financing options, and technological innovations. Tests faces multiple risks in its ongoing operations and strategic plans for future growth. Teasel's 201 2 annual report cites 63 risks related to Teasel's business and industry and an additional 6 risks related to the ownership of their common stock. In an attempt to identify gaps and propose recommendations for future implementation an analysis of the principal forces of supply and demand on the industry / company is required.Tests Motors-?objective and Strategy Chant Nell Tests Motors eschews the traditional auto industry â€Å"dealership† model and bypasses dealers and reaches customers directly through company-owned showrooms and online retail channels Value-added services are included, such as supercharger stations being installed in major markets throughout the US. St rategy Tests aims to become a mass producer of electric vehicles. In 2008, it launched the Tests Roadster model-?a paradigm shift/keystone in the EVE market. Tests has positioned itself as a key competitor in the EVE market.Market Positioning Tests covers key EVE market segments and dominates the EVE segment Of the argue automotive industry. The 201 2 Model S targeted at the middle- and upper-middle-class customer. The 2014 Model X to take advantage of the booming SUB crossover segment. The 201 6 Gene Ill is positioned to compete with mass market Eves. Alliances To facilitate growth, Tests has cultivated X types of partnerships, including supplier alliances, R&D alliances, and MEMO alliances with other automobile manufacturers. Additional revenue is generated from the sale of electric power train components and development services.Tests Motors-?Financial Performance and Future Guidance Tests Motors held its initial public offering (PIP) on January 29th of 2010. According to a break even analysis the firm became cash flow positive for the first time in its history in Q of PAYOFF. Tests has unique business structure. Its competitors in its industry are highly mature as opposed to Teasel's newly developed business model, thus finding comparable companies can be difficult. Given Teasel's uniqueness, two comparable analyses were required. One comparable analysis captures Teasel's industry competitors and one comparable analysis will capture Teasel's high growth rate.For the industry memorable analysis, seven companies are utilized to derive the industry average EVE/Revenue and EVE/Gross Profit levels. Using a weighted EVE/Revenue and EVE/Gross Profit for both set at 50%, the top line and the gross profit of the industry will sustain Teasel's future target levels. When screening for comparable for the growth rates in order to calculate the companies that have relative high revenue growth rate for 201 3 and 2014 a weighted EVE/ Revenue of 70% and EVE/Gross Profit of 30% is the best achievable outcome and is the most important measurement to consider for the high growth company.Existing Tests Market Dynamics- Lifestyle / Supply Chain Management: Tests created its life cycle and supply train strategy with the full understanding it wouldn't be the only producer of all-electric vehicles for long. Teasel's value proposition or â€Å"uniqueness† had to come from a commitment to being â€Å"at least two generations ahead† of its rivals. But how could it achieve that goal, when its battery packs came from a company in Taiwan that had previously manufactured only barbeques?Teasel's own engineers would have to spend months in Asia working out the design and engineering kinks. And the extra costs wound up wiping out the savings from cheap labor. To combat this Tests employed the following policies. It brought the power train manufacturing back in-house. Final assembly was relocated to California from the United Kingdom. Contract manufacturi ng was limited to the non-power elements of the vehicle. Its supplier base, more than 85 percent of which consisted of vendors producing a single part, was slashed.The company is now producing the Model S, a sedan with a base price of $57,000 greatly widening market of potential buyers. Through several iterations of its Roadster; each representing an improvement in quality and a reduction in production costs, as well as the initial production year for the Model S, Tests has pushed forward with its strategy although some issues do present themselves such as the recently announcement on Fox Business that â€Å"Tests provided some disappointing news in its recent third-quarter earnings report.The maker of electric cars lowered expectations for 2014 deliveries and delayed the launch of its Model X, a high-end electric crossover, until next fall. † This could point to some supply and demand issue and warrants further investigation. Controls: Teasel's strategy centers around mainta ining high quality controls as they transition to a higher level of in-house manufacturing process; and that the information technology systems that we are currently expanding and improving upon will be effective to manage a higher volume production.Operations: Tests sells its cars to customers through its stores which it fully owns and operates. Tests stores and galleries â€Å"are highly visible, premium outlets in major metropolitan markets some of which combine retail sales and service†. Teasel's stores change the entire car buying experience and take way the incentive of both the buyer and seller to compete on price. Furthermore, Teasel's stores allow the firm to achieve operating efficiencies as well as capture sales and services revenues that typical automobile manufacturers do not.Technology: Earlier this year Teasel's CEO, Leon Musk, announced to the world to permit competitors to, â€Å"in good faith,† make use of the automaker's patent portfolio for free. Th e goal, he wrote on Teasel's weapon, was to lure automakers into entering the electric vehicle (â€Å"EVE†) market. This patent policy shift was put forth in an effort to quicken the argental growth of Eves in the automotive market currently dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles. Additionally, Tests announced has an agreement with Panasonic to build a new, United States based battery plant.According to Deanne De Freesias of IV News, â€Å"Dubbed the Cofactors, the facility will be able to produce batteries for as many as 500,000 Eves per year by the year 2020. The scale of the production is projected to be so large, in fact, that by 2020 the Cofactors alone would produce as much battery capacity as the entire world produced in 2013. † Freesias goes on the say, â€Å"To be ere, the impact of the Cofactors will positively affect electric auto sales. The Cofactors scale and capacity may be felt across the technology and energy sectors as well. Financial: Tests announced a new financing option for customers that aim to bring down the monthly cost of owning a Model S. The finance option allows customers to enter into a 5. 5 year loan for around $500-$600 per month. Essentially, the customer does not have to put down any money up front because all Tests customers receive a federal tax credit. The federal tax credit is an incentive from the government for consumers to arches electric vehicles. The finance option combines the best features of a lease and a loan and makes the car affordable to more consumers. Lattice: Teasel's direct-to-consumer car sales are a strong strategic position and advantage they hold over typical automobile manufacturers in North America. Most automobile manufacturers are required by state law to sell their vehicles their franchised car dealerships. Tests is able to sell their cars directly to consumers because it has no franchised dealers Automotive Industry Business Cycle According to Douche, â€Å"Many factors af fect the performance of an industry and s each industry makes up a portion of real GAP, they in turn can impact the cycle of the economy.The automotive industry is clearly impacted by macroeconomic policy and auto production and sales rates in relation to interest rates, real GAP, inflation and unemployment make this evident.. † Tests has the deliberate yet novel approach of phasing in their product offerings gradually starting with the very high end / high performance model and then through its entrants in the performance sedan and crossover SUB markets, concluding with an what is typically an auto companies first offering, its mass market vehicle.Tests reversed the roll so they could generate a lot of hype in the media on a very limited production run. The most interesting thing about Tests is the role of marketing in selling electric cars that cost $100,000 or more. Many business leaders have attempted to change the automotive industry over the last couple generations and n one have succeeded. The process Of buying a car is essentially the same as it was generations ago. And the process has remained unpopular for decades.Tests is creatively using marketing to upend the auto industry business model: There are no Tests dealers There are no commissioned sales people Tests cars are marketed and not aggressively sold Tests transactions are conducted online The price is the price: no negotiation There is no inventory: the Tests Model S is built to order You can't test drive a Tests unless you put down a $5,000 deposit In many parts of the country, you can't see or drive the car before you buy even if you place a deposit.You have to wait in line for months or years to get a car And the marketing challenges are incredibly difficult: They are building a new luxury brand from scratch They are evangelize a new type of vehicle: an electric car They are selling a 60,000 – $100,000+ car that can't go on a road trip They must sell an entirely new model of buyi ng and owning a car While Tests is starting with expensive vehicles, they clearly have mainstream ambitions. They are investing to build a big car company. How hard is it to build and sell cars in the USA?Look at it this way: Tests is the second oldest publicly traded auto company in the united States behind Ford. GM went bankrupt and went public four months after Tests. Chrysler remains private following its own reorganization. While Tests has a long way to go to be profitable, producing cars in volume, and vying towards the mainstream, their first home-built product -? the Model S -? is a SUCCeSS. They have 10,000 – 20,000 orders and have swept the auto industry awards, winning the most recent round of Motor Trend, Automobile, and Yahoo Autos awards for car of the year.Tests is the first startup car company, and the Model S is the first electric car, to win these awards. Risk Management Recommendations and Strategies- Based on the research conducted a few of the lessons lea rned would be prudent for Tests to internalize and incorporate going forward. Make sure that supply-chain, corporate and product strategies are tightly aligned. Teasel's us apply-chain managers should work closely with the engineers to jointly evaluate costs, working with only a targeted few trusted suppliers.Complete and in-depth evaluation of the multiple external drivers, including global economic trends, customer preferences, proximity to markets, labor costs, supplier quality, regulatory requirements, environmental sustainability, community responsibility and geopolitical shifts. Don't offshore manufacturing until your product has matured and stabilized. With the opening of the Gaga factory this issue is well on its way to being solved but it bears remembering.While there is no history of or mention of derivatives for Tests in either Its annual report or the media it is considered as a perfect hedge according to Seeking Alpha or Tests can capitalize on this to counter the first three risks related to the ownership Of our common stock identified in the 2012 annual report. 1. Concentration of ownership among our existing executive officers, directors and their affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions. 2.The trading price of our common stock is likely to continue to be volatile. 3. A majority of our total outstanding shares are held by insiders and may be sold in the near future. The large number of shares eligible for public sale or subject to rights requiring us to register them for public sale could depress the market price of our common stock. Hedging will enable a more diversified ownership, reduce the volatility in stock pricing and if staggered effectively reduce the impact of insiders selling large allotments of shares.Conclusion Tests developed a specific strategy for life cycle and supply train management with the goal of being â€Å"at least two generations ahead† of its rivals. As a intros strat egy to improve on supply and demand management Tests will transition to increased levels of â€Å"in-house† manufacturing processes. In an integrated approach linking operations and political strategies Tests sells its cars to customers through its stores which it fully owns and operates bypassing state regulated dealerships entirely.Its technology strategy is a patent policy shift, put forth in an effort to quicken the percentage growth of electronic vehicles in the automotive market currently dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles. For a financial strategy Tests created a new enhancing option for customers that aim to bring down the monthly cost of owning a Model S. Tests has identified 69 different risks in its 2012 annual report and has formulated risk mitigation strategies for each.

How to Write a Reflective Essay on Community Service

How to Write a Reflective Essay on Community Service Essay on Community Service How to start How to write a thesis for a reflective essay on community service How to write your introductionn How to construct body paragraphs How to finish your essay Revising your essay Outline sample A reflective essay on community service (Sample) Writing a reflective essay on community service is one of the most fulfilling things you can do in your entire life. It comes with responsibility, goal, and dedication. In writing a reflective paper, first, you have a goal to persuade all of your readers to start doing community service in their own respective community. This might be the most difficult part in composing your essay; thus, you have to be careful and sensitive in placing every detail of your writing. Remember, people can be easily discouraged once they have heard something negative about what you wanted them to do; they can just â€Å"no†, and you can no longer do anything about it. Second, a responsibility which means you can take a stand to whatever things you have talked about in the course of your essay. Keep in mind that you need to write only about things you are familiar with. Do not get us wrong in here, we are not asking you to back-off from taking risks in placing new ideas on your essay you can add things you want but, please, make sure that research was done properly and accordingly. Lastly, as a writer, you should be able to have the dedication. Take notes, put your heart in every sentence, especially when you want to write a perfect essay about community service. So, here are some effective steps for you to use as your guide in writing a reflective essay on community service. How to start As an observation, knowing where to start and how to start a reflective paper is the most difficult part. It is not as easy as you think. In writing a reflective paper on community service, you should be able to know your motivation. Know the roots and how does the concept start. We suggest you do research first. Try to read published essays, other blogs, or previous studies that are similar to what you wanted to write about. We have some tips you can consider in starting your reflective essay. Compose yourself. You will need to be in the right state of mind. Make sure to do some researches and background study to what you are going to write. Lastly, properly think who are the receivers or the readers of your essay. Knowing who are going to be your target readers means knowing where to go. How to write a thesis for a reflective essay on community service It is known as the summary of your main idea. Usually, in some essays, a thesis statement consists of one to two sentences. Also, keep in mind the goal of a thesis statement, which is to give bird’s eye-view as to what your readers should expect on your essay. How to write your introduction Your introduction serves as the welcome paragraph of your essay. It should be as catchy as possible. In your introduction, make sure to state the purpose of your essay, define the concept, and make sure to add some words to trigger your readers curiosity. So, here are some tips for writing an effective introduction. Keep it short. Readers sometimes lose their patience. Make it personal. As early as in your introduction, you should have already created a bond between you as the writer and your reader. Avoid clichà ©s or common lines to start your introduction. State your inspiration in writing your reflective essay. How to construct body paragraphs The body is the part of your reflective essay where you can start, elaborate and end your discussions. In this part, your personal experiences in doing community service should be placed. You could add your observations regarding the basic problems your community has as well as the possible help you can give. Usually, writers include their main idea, arguments, experiences and observations in the body. In addition, always keep in mind that every paragraph should be somehow related or connected to other paragraphs. To write your body paragraphs correctly, below are a few tips you should consider. First, write the main points you wanted to discuss in a bullet form. If needed, place specific supporting points under its respective main point. Elaborate, make sure to explain each idea you have placed. Turn the body to a sentence form; make sure to use appropriate words. Write as if you are retelling a story. Each paragraph should have connections to its succeeding paragraph. Read it aloud. If it sounds good, then it will surely be pleasant in the eyes of readers. How to finish your essay Finishing an essay is a lot easier than starting it. No studies are needed to be done, it is just internalizing. Consider if there is enough learning on your essay. Always keep in mind that a regular essay is different from a reflective essay. A reflective essay talks about the experiences you have, meaning that it is more personal than a regular essay. A conclusion is a summary of whatever you have written in your body, making your conclusion as short as possible is one the secrets for you to be able to have an excellent reflective essay. However, do not sacrifice the substance of your conclusion. Lastly, since what you have written is a reflective essay, make sure of having some lessons on the last part or your essay. Make it relatable, add a personal touch to it. Revising your essay In revising your reflective essay, ask someone to read your essay. Ask for possible revisions or recommendations. In addition, revise an hour or two after you are done writing your reflective essay. Lastly, Read it aloud, you as the writer should be able to feel the feeling of fulfillment. Outline sample I. Introduction Purpose of Community Service Definition of Community Service Thesis Statement II. Body Experiences you have with community service Observations Solution to the problems you have observed III. Conclusion Summarising Review of the main arguments Realization A reflective essay on community service (Sample) For our community to be able to survive and take the changes we have in the world today, everyone is expected to extend their help. Giving help comes in different forms; you can lend your helping hand through donations, like giving financial aid to sustain and to support what your community needs. Another way for you to be able to help your community is by simply following your community rules and regulations. For instance, following the basic traffic rules might be a very basic thing to consider; however, doing this every time gives a lasting effect on your community. Lastly, through community service, there are two connotations when someone hears the word community service, some people might think, this is a punishment to someone who is able to abide himself with the law, on the other hand, community service is an effect of volunteerism, which means, someone just want to do something different for his or her community. Community service has been the bridge in having a united and a strong community. This has been proven, and this has been observed by almost everyone. There are three benefits community service has; psychological benefit, social benefit, and cognitive benefit. A psychological benefit: with this benefit, psychologists believe that participating in a community service boosts the satisfaction and the feeling of fulfillment of an individual. Moreover, it also gives some social benefits, the moment an individual engaged himself in community service creates a better bond and better relation with another person. Lastly, for the cognitive benefits, the process of a person gain more experiences makes him a better individual. I can remember when I have participated in a community service; I have seen how camaraderie and unity bring us to where we are now. In this time, I observed how an individual works with another individual. I was able to see sincerity and determination, which I think is a good step in reaching our goal of having a peaceful world or community. I think if we continue what we have started, then, it will be easier for us to attain our ambitions in life. In a nutshell, community service might be a very difficult thing to do but trust me, once you have started doing it, you will surely love it.

A Passage to India Questions for Study and Discussion

A Passage to India Questions for Study and Discussion A Passage to India  (1924) is a highly-acclaimed novel by English author E. M. Forster set in India during the Indian independence movement. The story is based on Forsters personal experiences in India, and tells the story of an Indian man wrongfully accused of assaulting an English woman. A Passage to India depicts the racism and social prejudices that existed in India while it was under British rule. The novels title is taken from the Walt Whitman poem of the same name, which was part of Whitmans 1870 poetry collection Leaves of Grass. Here are a few questions for study and discussion, related to A Passage to India: What is important about the books title? Why is it significant that Forster chose this particular Walt Whitman poem as the novels title?   What are the conflicts in A Passage to India? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) are in this novel? How does E.M. Forster reveal character in A Passage to India? What is the symbolic meaning of the caves where the incident with Adela takes place? How would you describe the central character of Aziz?   What changes does Aziz undergo over the course of the story? Is his evolution believable? What is Fieldings true motivation for helping Aziz? Is he consistent in his actions? How are the female characters in A Passage to India portrayed? Was this depiction of women a conscious choice by Forster?   Does the story end the way you expected? Do you consider it a happy ending?   Compare the society and politics of the India of Forsters time to the India of today. What has changed? What is different? How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? In any other time? This is just one part of our  study  guide  series on A Passage to India. Please see the links below for additional helpful resources. Book Review: A Passage to India ReviewQuotesTerms / Vocabulary

Personal Effectiveness Report Objectives Research Paper

Personal Effectiveness Report Objectives - Research Paper Example the Big Five Locator), self-monitoring, and extroversion are presented as well. The ways on how the two individuals may leverage on their strengths and downplay their weaknesses based on these tests are explained. Background Individuals that work within one setting have distinct ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Thus, the profound understanding of these cognitions, attitudes and behaviors is critical in ensuring that the enterprise’s bottomlines are effectively met. A person may be better managed if his manager or colleague knows his personality, preferences, and styles of learning and behaving (Melamed & Jackson 1995). A comprehension of the nuances of personality, learning styles, self-monitoring, among others, will aid the manager in determining the best way to increase the motivation; optimize the development; and increase the effectiveness of management (Engleman and Kleiner 1998). Assessment accord insight to management on ambiguous characteristics that may spell the difference between mediocre and exemplary performance (Yeung & Berman 1997). The utilization of assessments heightens mastery of self, and benefits both the incumbent and his manager. Ultimately, such mastery has implications on how the person relates to others; how we works within a team; how driven he is to deliver results; and how substantially he contributes to organizational strategy (Darcy and Tracey 2003). In having such knowledge, managers may be able to recommend apt interventions for development and for filling gaps. Moreover, their motivators are more precisely identified, which will allow them to give more significant contributions at work. Such knowledge will likewise enhance their personal sense of satisfaction and well-being (Melamed & Jackson 1995). Overall, these assessments can aid organizations in achieving desirable bottomlines such as enhanced productivity; seamless cooperation; increased camaraderie; and a more marked emphasis on organizational learning and development (Yeung & Berman 1997). Personality assessments are important organizational tools that help ascertain the strengths and improvement areas of employees that may have implications on their capacity as individual contributors to organizational objectives (Judge, Higgins, Thoresen, & Barrick 1999). The peculiarities among employees should not be a reason for conflict, but rather as a means for productive synergy. Moreover, these assessments may be utilized for recruitment, training, and retention purposes. These standardized assessments are not without limitations (Rhodes & Hammer 2000). They may cause employees to be stereotyped. It is critical for these tests to be accurately interpreted to make sure that the hiring or development decisions that are brought forth are appropriate (Judge et al 1999). Aims The main aim of the paper is to ascertain the ways through which personality assessments may be used to recommend interventions for increased collaboration and team effect iveness. The outcomes of two team members on 1) hemisphere dominance; 2) learning styles; 3) interaction styles; 4) the Big Five Locator; 5) self-monitoring; and 6) extraversion are presented. These results may be used by their superiors and by the HR Department to recommend development interventions for these two individuals. This paper also intends to demonstrate how the outcomes of such assessments may b

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 7

Case study - Essay Example The project was assigned to Hrad with a fixed deadline and cost and this deadline and cost was not enough for the completion of the project. There were several problems due to which, Hrad was unable to meet the deadline. This paper deals with the case between Tegan and Hrad Technika in detail. A/P was experiencing problems and Tegan was continuously thinking about dealing with the problems with A/P system but Tegan was unable to sort out the issue until Fan Li came with his toys in the market. Tegan had three options out of which, it had to decide for an appropriate project suitable for the performance and maintenance of A/P project. The first option was to install an enterprise resource planning system such as SAP, second was to rewrite the system using internal resources and third was to outsource the system development to a third party (Upton and Staats 2008b, 3). The organization’s management decided for the third option that was to outsource the A/P project and the reasons were that they were unable to bear the costs of other projects and they did not have the required staff for the development process. The outsourcing of A/P project was the right move in comparison to the other alternatives because it required minimum cost that was bearable for the firm and also the other options required more costs and more staff for the work. Hrad Technika worked for Tegan before for completing software programs for the firm. However, this task was much challenging for the company and required much expertise. Previously the projects go through problems but the administration of Tegan was satisfied with Hrad Technika due to which, they opted for it. Requirements analysis is very crucial for successful bidding on any project. With the help of requirement analysis, all the requirements and demands of the system can be known and all the problems that the system is facing by the users of the system can be known. In addition, the